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Gender Differences in Police Encounters Among Persons With and Without Serious Mental Illness

Dr. Crocker is affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, and the Department of Psychosocial Research, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4H 1R3 (e-mail: anne.crocker{at}mcgill.ca). Dr. Hartford is with Ontario Telemedicine Network and with the Department of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario. Ms. Heslop is with the Family Consultant/Victim Services Unit, London Police Service, London, Ontario.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the rates, patterns, and types of police contacts among men and women with and without serious mental illness. METHODS: Data on type of contact, type and number of offenses, dispositions, and repeat offenses were extracted from an administrative database of all police encounters in a midsized Canadian city over a six-year period (N=767,365). RESULTS: Men and women with serious mental illness represented, respectively, .5% and .4% of men and women who had at least one contact with the police; however, they were involved in 3.2% and 3.0% of all interactions, respectively. Persons with mental illness were more likely than those without mental illness to be in contact with police as suspected offenders, to have a greater number of offenses, to reoffend more quickly, and to be formally charged for a suspected offense. Among persons without mental illness in contact with police, men were much more likely than women to be offenders, to have a greater number of offenses, and to reoffend more quickly. Among persons with mental illness, however, the gender gap for these measures was significantly smaller. CONCLUSIONS: More resources should be allocated to support persons with mental illness in the community because they tend to have high rates of repeated police contacts for a variety of offenses. The findings highlight the need for gender-specific intervention programs. Administrative databases can be useful tools in examining police contacts among persons with mental illness and monitoring change after policy and program implementation for those at risk of police encounters.

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