Psychiatr Serv 49:483-492, April 1998
© 1998 American Psychiatric Association
Persons With Severe Mental Illness in Jails and Prisons: A Review
H. Richard Lamb, M.D. and
Linda E. Weinberger, Ph.D.
OBJECTIVE: The presence of severely mentally ill persons in jails and prisons is an urgent problem. This review examines this problem and makes recommendations for preventing and alleviating it. METHODS: MEDLINE, Psychological Abstracts, and the Index to Legal Periodicals and Books were searched from 1970, and all pertinent references were obtained. Results and CONCLUSIONS: Clinical studies suggest that 6 to 15 percent of persons in city and county jails and 10 to 15 percent of persons in state prisons have severe mental illness. Offenders with severe mental illness generally have acute and chronic mental illness and poor functioning. A large proportion are homeless. It appears that a greater proportion of mentally ill persons are arrested compared with the general population. Factors cited as causes of mentally ill persons' being placed in the criminal justice system are deinstitutionalization, more rigid criteria for civil commitment, lack of adequate community support for persons with mental illness, mentally ill offenders' difficulty gaining access to community treatment, and the attitudes of police officers and society. Recommendations include mental health consultation to police in the field; formal training of police officers; careful screening of incoming jail detainees; diversion to the mental health system of mentally ill persons who have committed minor offenses; assertive case management and various social control interventions, such as outpatient commitment, court-ordered treatment, psychiatric conservatorship, and 24-hour structured care; involvement of and support for families; and provision of appropriate mental health treatment.
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[Abstract]
[PDF]
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W. G. Frankle, D. Shera, H. Berger-Hershkowitz, A. E. Evins, C. Connolly, D. C. Goff, and D. C. Henderson
Clozapine-Associated Reduction in Arrest Rates of Psychotic Patients With Criminal Histories
Am J Psychiatry,
February 1, 2001;
158(2):
270 - 274.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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D. LOVELL, D. ALLEN, C. JOHNSON, and R. JEMELKA
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Residential Treatment for Prisoners with Mental Illness
Criminal Justice and Behavior,
February 1, 2001;
28(1):
83 - 104.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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A. J. Lurigio
Persons with Serious Mental Illness in the Criminal Justice System: Background, Prevalence, and Principles of Care
Criminal Justice Policy Review,
December 1, 2000;
11(4):
312 - 328.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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R. Borum and M. Rand
Mental Health Diagnostic and Treatment Services in Florida's Jails
Journal of Correctional Health Care,
October 1, 2000;
7(2):
189 - 207.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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H. R. Lamb
The 1978 APA Conference on the Chronic Mental Patient: A Defining Moment
Psychiatr Serv,
July 1, 2000;
51(7):
874 - 878.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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J. L. Geller
The Last Half-Century of Psychiatric Services as Reflected in Psychiatric Services
Psychiatr Serv,
January 1, 2000;
51(1):
41 - 67.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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E. Roskes and R. Feldman
A Collaborative Community-Based Treatment Program for Offenders With Mental Illness
Psychiatr Serv,
December 1, 1999;
50(12):
1614 - 1619.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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M. A. Lang, L. Davidson, P. Bailey, and M. S. Levine
Clinicians' and Clients' Perspectives on the Impact of Assertive Community Treatment
Psychiatr Serv,
October 1, 1999;
50(10):
1331 - 1340.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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G. E. Davis and W. E. Lowell
Using Artificial Neural Networks and the Gutenberg-Richter Power Law to "Rightsize" a Behavioral Health Care System
American Journal of Medical Quality,
September 1, 1999;
14(5):
216 - 228.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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H. R. Lamb, L. E. Weinberger, and B. H. Gross
Community Treatment of Severely Mentally Ill Offenders Under the Jurisdiction of the Criminal Justice System: A Review
Psychiatr Serv,
July 1, 1999;
50(7):
907 - 913.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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R. Lewine, K. Marsh, and L. Towner
Incarceration as "Therapy"
Psychiatr Serv,
August 1, 1998;
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