Psychiatr Serv 46:1267-1271, December 1995
© 1995 American Psychiatric Association
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PS 1995; 46:1267-1271
Copyright © 1995 by American Psychiatric Association
Outcome for psychiatric emergency patients seen by an outreach police- mental health team
HR Lamb, R Shaner, DM Elliott, WJ DeCuir Jr and JT Foltz
University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90034, USA.
OBJECTIVE: The study examined whether outreach teams of mental health
professionals and police officers could assess and make appropriate
dispositions for psychiatric emergency cases in the community, even in
situations involving violence or potential violence. The study also
assessed whether such teams could reduce criminalization of mentally ill
persons. METHODS: One hundred and one consecutive referrals to law
enforcement-mental health teams in Los Angeles were studied through records
review. Subjects' status during a six-month follow-up period was also
examined. RESULTS: Referral had a high rate of past criminal arrests,
violence, and major psychopathology. Sixty-three had a history of violence
against persons, 59 had a criminal arrest history, 79 had prior psychiatric
hospitalizations, and 66 were serious substance abusers. At referral, 70
manifested severe psychiatric symptoms, 20 were overtly violent, and 29
others exhibited threatening behavior. However, only two of the group were
arrested; 80 were taken to hospitals. At six-month follow-up of 85
referrals, 22 percent had been arrested (12 percent for crimes of
violence), and 42 percent had been rehospitalized. CONCLUSIONS: Outreach
emergency teams composed of a police officer and a mental health
professional are able to deal appropriately with persons who have acute and
severe mental illness, a high potential for violence, a high incidence of
substance abuse, and long histories with both the criminal justice and
mental health systems. Such teams apparently avoid criminalization of the
mentally ill.
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