Hosp Community Psychiatry 43:54-58, January 1992
© 1992 American Psychiatric Association
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A Scale to Measure Restrictiveness of Living Environments for Troubled Children and Youths
Robert P. Hawkins Ph.D.1,
M. Connie Almeida Ph.D.2,
Bernie Fabry Ph.D.3, and
Andrew L. Reitz Ph.D.3
1 West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506; Pressley Ridge Schools in Pittsburgh
2 Fort Bend Center at Richmond State School in Houston
3 Home Places at the Pressley Ridge Schools
Despite concerns about the restrictiveness of care and treatment procedures and settings for special populations, the concept of restrictiveness has seldom been defined or measured. This study describes the development of the Restrictiveness of Living Environments Scale (ROLES) for measuring the restrictiveness of residential settings for children and youths, including their own homes. Based on a literature review, the authors defined restrictiveness in terms of limits placed on freedom of movement or choice by the physical facility, by rules or requirements, and by conditions of entry and departure. The definition, along with a list of 27 residential settings for children, was sent to 389 child care professionals, who were asked to rate the restrictiveness of the settings on a 10-point scale, using a rating method designed to yield an interval scale. Ratings from 159 respondents, rounded to the nearest 5, were used to determine the relative position of the settings on the scale.
Note:
The authors thank Stanley Cohen, Ph. D., Pamela Meadowcroft, Ph. D., and W. Clark Luster for their essential contributions to the conception of this research, which was supported by the Buhl Foundation.
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